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戒菸的短期與長期健康效益(Are there immediate and long-term health benefits of quitting for all smokers?)

1. 停止吸菸20分鐘：血壓與心跳會下降復原。
2. 停止吸菸12小時：血液中的一氧化碳含量會降到正常值。
3. 停止吸菸2~12週：血液循環與肺部功能均會增加。
4. 停止吸菸1~9個月：咳嗽跟急促呼吸情形症狀會顯著獲得改善。
5. 停止吸菸1年：罹患冠狀動脈心臟病的風險會降低50%。
6. 停止吸菸5年：戒菸5～15年後，中風機率降低至與非吸菸者一樣。
7. 停止吸菸10年：罹患肺癌的風險會較吸菸者降低50%，罹患口腔癌、咽喉癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、子宮頸癌和胰腺癌的風險也會降低。
8. 停止吸菸15年：罹患冠狀動脈心臟病風險與非吸菸者無異。

Beneficial health changes that take place:

1. Within 20 minutes, your heart rate and blood pressure drop.
2. 12 hours, the carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal.
3. 2-12 weeks, your circulation improves and your lung function increases.
4. 1-9 months, coughing and shortness of breath decrease.
5. 1 year, your risk of coronary heart disease is about half that of a smoker's.
6. 5 years, your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5 to 15 years after quitting.
7. 10 years, your risk of lung cancer falls to about half that of a smoker and your risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, cervix, and pancreas decreases.
8. 15 years, the risk of coronary heart disease is that of a nonsmoker's.

已經罹患可歸因於菸之疾病者，仍可因戒菸而受益(Can people of all ages who have already developed smoking-related health problems still benefit from quitting?)

1. 30歲戒菸：預估能延長10年壽命。
2. 40歲戒菸：預估能延長9年壽命。
3. 50歲戒菸：預估能延長6年壽命。
4. 60歲戒菸：預估能延長3年壽命。
5. 在罹患威脅生命的疾病後：心臟病發作後戒菸可降低第二次發作的風險50%。

Benefits in comparison with those who continued:

1. about 30: gain almost 10 years of life expectancy.
2. At about 40: gain 9 years of life expectancy.
3. At about 50: gain 6 years of life expectancy.
4. At about 60: gain 3 years of life expectancy.
5. After the onset of life-threatening disease: rapid benefit, people who quit smoking after having a heart attack reduce their chances of having another heart attack by 50%.

戒菸對暴露於二手菸的兒童之利益(How does quitting smoking affect children who are exposed to second-hand smoke?)

戒菸降低許多兒童與二手菸暴露相關之風險，例如呼吸道疾病(氣喘)與中耳炎。
Quitting smoking decreases the excess risk of many diseases related to second-hand smoke in children, such as respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma) and ear infections.

戒菸的其他益處(Are there any other benefits to quitting smoking?)
戒菸有助於降低陽痿、不易受孕、早產、低出生體重、流產等風險。
Quitting smoking reduces the chances of impotence, having difficulty getting pregnant, having premature births, babies with low birth weights and miscarriage.

原文來源：Tobacco: Health benefits of smoking cessation

Reference

1. Mahmud, A, Feely, J. Effect of Smoking on Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Pressure Amplification. Hypertension. 2003; 41(1):183-7.
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406. 1988.
3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416. 1990.
4. Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 2004; 328(7455):1519-1527.
5. US Department of Health and Human Services 2004, The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.